Los ecosistemas marinos afectados
Los ecosistemas marinos se degradan hasta diez veces más rápido que los bosques tropicales
CONSUMER.es EROSKI Consumer - jueves, 11 de octubre, 08.35
La degradación de las praderas oceánicas, arrecifes coralinos, marismas, manglares y demás hábitats costeros es entre cuatro y diez veces más rápida que la de los bosques tropicales. Así se puso de manifiesto ayer en el III Debate sobre Biología de la Conservación, organizado en Mallorca por la Fundación BBVA y la Estación Costera de Ses Salines (CSIC-Universidad de Baleares).
De esta destrucción se culpa a varios factores que se condensan en uno, la acción del hombre. En todo el mundo, las regiones costeras concentran el grueso de la población estable y también buena parte de los 700 millones de turistas que recorren hoy los cinco continentes. En España, por ejemplo, el 44% de sus habitantes vive en el 7% de la franja litoral y zonas contiguas, más los visitantes que llegan en busca de sol y playa.
Edificación, construcción de infraestructuras, sobrepesca se unen a la contaminación por vertidos tóxicos y al aporte de sustancias como el nitrógeno, fósforo y materia orgánica. Este exceso de nutrientes hace proliferar las algas y provoca procesos de hipoxia, falta de oxígeno que mata a la fauna y flora marina del área y es prácticamente irreversible.
Los participantes en el debate pusieron cifras al desastre. Las praderas de posidonia y otra especies oceánicas desaparecen a un ritmo anual de entre el 1,2% y el 10%, según las distintas regiones del planeta. Las marismas, a razón del 2% cada año, similar al declive de los bosques de manglar, mientras que entre un 5% y un 9% de los arrecifes coralinos mueren cada año.
La degradación del litoral agrava el efecto del cambio climático porque casi la mitad del dióxido de carbono (CO2) que absorbe el océano es atribuible a los ecosistemas costeros. Por eso, "necesitamos actuar ya, y a escala global", dijo Bill Dennison, de la Universidad de Maryland (EE.UU.).
Se dispone del conocimiento científico y de la tecnología para minimizar los impactos de la presencia humana en las zonas de costa, pero falta "voluntad política e institucional", lamentó el biólogo Carlos Duarte, premio Nacional de Investigación 2007.
En la misma línea, Iván Valiela, del Laboratorio Biológico Marino de Massachusetts (EE.UU.), consideró que es "imperativo" reducir las pérdidas e iniciar la restauración de los hábitats costeros. "Necesitamos la voluntad política y económica", aseveró.
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Pradera de posidonia en el Mediterraneo
Fotografía de Alex Lorente
noticias
29 comentarios:
Hola, mi nombre es Alex Lorente y la foto de praderia de Posidonia que publicais, no es de casco antiguo sino mia. Esta hecha en el Area Marina protegida de las Islas Medas. Felicidades por el blog y por trabajar en divulgar la importancia de conservar el mar.
Alex, muchas gracias por tu aclaración. Ya lo he corregido y he puesto tu nombre como autor de la fotografía. La nota sobre "casco antiguo" es porque la fotografía está publicada allí (cascoantiguo.com).
Discúlpame no lo sabía y gracias por permitirme colocar tu fotografía en el artículo.
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